Growth of Tourism
•Tourism is the world’s largest industry, worth $1.1 trillion dollars in 2013.
•There were 1.08 billion international tourists arrivals in 2013, and this is expected to rise to 1.6 billion by 2020.
•In most countries domestic tourism (people going on holiday from their own country) is between 4 to 5 times greater than international tourism.
Tourism Destinations:
Growth of Tourism Summary
Tourism in the UK
Tourism in the UK
Butler Model
In 2013, tourists spent £21 billion in the UK. In 2010, the total spend from overseas visitors was £16.8bn.
An estimated 1.1 million tourists travelled to London for the Royal Wedding in 2011
Americans part with more money than any other nationality, spending £2.5bn in 2013, up 19.4% on 2010
Chinese tourists spent £492m in 2013, up from £184m in 2010.
The London Eye is the most visited attraction in the UK with 3.7 million visitors each year
The Butler model shows how a tourist resort tends to grow from its beginning as time progresses.
STAGE 1 - small numbers of tourists begin to EXPLORE the area. There are few facilities.
STAGE 2 - The local people realise the economic potential or tourism and become INVOLVED.
STAGE 3 - The local government realises the potential of tourism and DEVELOPS the area. Control moves from the locals to big companies. There are more and more facilities built.
STAGE 4 - The area has reached a period of CONSOLIDATION with tourism. It is still a large part of the economy but numbers are starting to level off.
STAGE 5 - Visitors number have peaked and begin to STAGNATE. Facilities are no longer as good and tourists have had a negative impact on the environment and are making the area less attractive.
STAGE 6a - REJUVINATION: New facilities and the area attracts more visitors.
STAGE 6b - DECLINE: Fewer visitors come as the area is less attractive and so the area becomes run-down and tourism and the area DECLINES.
Regenerating Blackpool Case Study
Peak District Tourism
Exam Questions:
For a tourist area in the UK you have studied, identify the stage reached in the tourist area or resort life cycle model. Give reason(s) for your answer. (4)
Choose either a National Park or a coastal resort in the UK. Explain why your chosen area attracts many tourists. (6)
Mass Tourism
Large numbers of tourists visiting one destination (either a country or region)
Advantages and disadvantages of mass tourism
The Multiplier Effect:
Mass Tourism Summary
Jamaica Case Study
FACT ATTACK:
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Tourism is worth 24% of Jamaica’s GDP.
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22% of the population are employed in the tourism sector.
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The price of drinking water in Jamaica has doubled in the last 10 years due to increased tourist numbers.
The growth of the Jamaican tourist industry
Tourism in Jamaica is a growing industry however they are facing increasing competition from other Caribbean islands like Antigua & Barbuda and St. Lucia.
Impacts of tourism on Jamaica
Exam Questions:
Use a case study to explain why an area in the tropics attracts a large number of tourists. (8)
Describe the negative economic effects of mass tourism.(4)
Using Figure 15 and your own knowledge, explain why tourism can have a negative effect on the environments of tropical areas like Jamaica. (4)
Extreme Tourism
Main Case Study: Antarctica
Extreme Tourism Summary
Exam Questions:
Explain why extreme environments are attractive to tourists. (4)
Describe how a named area with an extreme environment is coping with an increasing number of tourists.(8)
Ecotourism
Eco tourism is environmentally friendly tourism – experience a country with as little impact on the environment as possible
•Costa Rica, located in Central America, often advertises itself as an ecotourism location.
•The government has actively promoted ecotourism to create jobs and income in a country which has seen a decline the primary sector.
•Small-scale sustainable tourist developments have been promoted in protected areas.
•One of these areas in the Monteverde cloud forest.
Costa Rica, Ecotourism
Ecotourism Summary
Exam Questions:
Describe how an ecotourism development can benefit future generations.(4)
Explain how ecotourism can contribute to sustainable development. (4)
What is the meaning of each of the following words? (2)
• Conservation
• Stewardship
Describe how an ecotourism development can benefit future generations (4)
